Two water hyacinth cultivars, i.e., common water hyacinth (CWH) and purple root water hyacinth(PRWH), were used to investigate the effect of planting densities (i.e., 8, 16 and 24 plants per bucket witha volume of 1.1 m × 1 m (diameter × depth)) on root traits, physiological characteristics, and microbialdiversity. The results indicated that the planting density significantly influenced root traits, photosyn-thesis, radial oxygen loss (ROL), dissolved oxygen (DO), and microbial diversity of water hyacinths. Theroot porosity, root diameter, and root chlorophyll of PRWH were higher than those of CWH, and CWHhad higher chlorophyll and Pn in leaves. The microbial diversity decreased significantly with increasingplant density for CWH, while it increased and then decreased in PRWH and peaked at 16 plants bucket.1.The results suggested that the aerenchyma of PRWH was more developed than those of CWH, and CWHhad higher leaf photosynthesis. However, higher root chlorophyll a in PRWH indicated that its capacityfor photon capture was higher than in CWH. The result of ROL suggests that larger root length androot porosity could help improve the dissolved oxygen of water column. The photosynthesis of CWH andPRWH can release oxygen into water column, and the capacity of PRWH was better than those of CWH.
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