Title：
Molecular genetics of blood-fleshed peach reveals activation
Authors：
Corresponding
Author：
Liao Liao, SornkanokVimolmangkang,GuochaoWei, HuiZhou, Schuyler S.Korban and YuepengHan*
Pubyear：
2015
Title of
Journal：
Frontiers In Plant Science
Paper
Code：
Volume：
6
Number：
Page：
242-243
Others：
Classification：
Source：
Abstract：
Proanthocyanidins(PAs) are the major component of phenolics inapple, but mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, the relationship between the PA biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) was investigated in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crabapples. Transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes were significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in PA synthesis. Surprisingly, transcript levels for both LAR1 and LAR2 genes were almost undetectable in two crabapples that accumulated both flavan-3-ols and PAs. This contradicts the previous finding that LAR1 gene is a strong candidate regulating the accumulation of metabolites such as epicatechin and Pas in apple. Ectopic expression of apple MdLAR1 gene in tobacco suppresses xpression of the late genes in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, resulting in loss of anthocyan in inflowers. Interestingly, a decrease in PA biosynthesis was also observed in flowers of transgenic to bacco plants overexpressing the MdLAR1 gene, which could be attributed to decreased expression of both the NtANR1 and NtANR2 genes. Our study not only confirms the in vivo function of appleLAR1 gene, but it is also helpful for understanding the mechanism of PAbiosynthesis.
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